This home was probably built 1960s. What kind of siding is this?
Looks like some type of asphalt. Similar to a roofing shingle with the granules impregnated on the surface. Probably loaded with asbestos given the timeframe. Looks like some type of fiberboard core but I’d expect more swelling where it’s broken open so it’s probably got more to it than just wood (again, probably asbestos). For ID purpose I’d probably just say “composite shingle” which is kind of a catch-all. For performance and recommendations? I’m sure you’ve got that covered 
This is Inselbric asphalt siding.
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Hmmmm…
Inselwood style