Originally Posted By: sdurazo
This post was automatically imported from our archived forum.
The difference between a WSHP & a geothermal unit is the Way it dissipates
Or Collects heat to permit its Heating & or Cooling function.
Normally WSHPS are used mainly on multi office buildings
In homes you will normally find more than 1 WSHP
1 for upstairs & one for downstairs or more than 1 wshp
In every level of home depending the size of home
Other times for purposes of Zoning 1 wshp in ea home area
Living, Dinning, Bedrooms permitting this arrangement
To have a better Utilities control.
A WSHP is connected to a closed loop for circulating water to go thru
A Cooling Tower to cool the water in summer & a Hot water Boiler in Bypass in
Loop to reheat water in winter
A Geothermal Unit is connected to a closed Loop Also but Instead of closed loop
Going to a Cooling Tower the copper or other type of tubing of loop is buried
Into the Ground several feet below the surface where it rejects or absorbs heat
From the ground depending if on cooling or heating
During Summer Time operation
The WSHP is Rejecting heat thru the water going thru its Condenser
Entering water at about 85 degs & leaving water 10degs higher at 95 degs
(Normal TD thru Water Condenser coil is "10 degs?. 95-85=10 deg TD +- 3 degs)
Which is connected "piped? to a cooling tower, well, or other source of water
Which dissipates execs heat to outdoors, where water supplied to?
Wshp is supplied between 75 & 85 degs constantly during summer time.
When connected to cooling tower water is cooled down by water falling
Between baffles & air stream going across water droplets & cooling
Tower fan to max leaving water temp of 75degs
Cooling tower fan/Blower will normally cycle between 75degs & 85Degs
On at 85 & Off 75degs
On some cooling towers in winter time when water temp drops below
65 degs water will be bypassed from supply condensing water side
To return Condensing water to avoid going thru cooling tower & avoid
Over cooling of condensing water
During Winter operation of WSHP
The Reversing Valve reverses the refrigerant Flow Thus the Water Cooled
Condenser Coil Becomes a Water Cooled Evaporator coil & the water going
Thru the Evaporator is cooled down 10 degrees entering at about
60 degs & leaving at 50 degs
(Normal ?TD is 10 degs ? ) 60deg EWT -50 deg LWT =10degs TD)
EWT = Entering water temperature
LWT = Leaving water temperature
The WSHP is Collecting Heat from the Water loop thus cooling the water in the Loop
The cooling tower fan is normally turned off by thermostat at about 75 deg water
Temp when temp of circulated water drops to about 55 degs the reheat Source
Or HW Boiler goes on to maintain a minimum temp of 55 degs & max of 60 degs
Supply water temp to loop
Boiler Cycles on at 55 deg & Cycles off at 60 deg
*** Cooling Tower Check out. Report any or all following!!
If all these item Visible & Readily accessible
Check for Worn, loose, or noisy Belt, Noisy bearings, rust Build up in & out of
Cabinet, Heavy sediment in basin, Green Algae inside tower, uneven
Water distribution thru tower, blocked water sprays nozzles.
A Geothermal unit can be just as Regular WSHP Water Source Heat Pump.
Where it extracts Heat from the Soil during winter or Dissipates Heat to the
Soil during the summer. Via a Buried several feet deep in Ground loop of
Copper or other type tubing.
Or it could just be a water source cooling unit only.
Where it Dissipates Heat to the soil in the summer & Provides
Heating in winter thru a Separate Heating Source.
During Summer Time operation
The Geothermal unit is Rejecting heat thru the water going thru its Water Cooled Condenser
Normal entering water at about 85 degs & leaving water 10degs higher at 95 degs
(Normal TD thru Water Condenser coil is "10 deg?. 95-85=10 deg TD) +- 3 deg
Which is connected "piped? to a Buried in Ground copper or other type tubing loop which dissipates
Excess heat to ground .Water supplied to geothermal unit is
Supplied between 75 & 85 deg constantly during summer time.
On Geothermal units condensing water flow going thru condenser the water flow volume may be
Controlled by a water flow valve in response to condenser pressure to maintain proper condensing
Pressure in condenser coil which will permit proper TD of water going thru Condenser which is 10Degs
(Normal " TD 10 deg) 95degs LWT -85degs EWT =10degs TD
In winter time this valve will be bypassed to permit full flow of loop water
During Winter operation of the Geothermal Unit
The Reversing Valve reverses the refrigerant Flow Thus the Water Cooled Condenser Coil Becomes
A Water Cooled Evaporator & the water going thru the Evaporator is cooled down
10 deg Entering at about 60 deg & leaving at 50 deg
(Normal ?TD is 10 degs) 60degs EWT -50degs LWT =10degs TD
The Geothermal Unit is Collecting Heat from the Water loop buried underground
Normal Water Temps in winter
Entering Water to Unit at about 60deg Leaving at about 50 deg =10deg TD
1. - To check geothermal unit like any AC Unit
First Unit must have been powered for least 12 hrs
That is Voltage leaving disconnect sw & powering compressor unit
Full Voltage as per unit Nameplate
To allow compressor crankcase heater or other means of off cycle
Compressor heat device to maintain compressor oil diluted & no liquid
Refrigerant contained in compressor shell which can cause valves
Or pistons rupture on compressor start up
(If Disconnect or breaker turned off or blown fuses or no power at unit)
** Report unit need be checked by qualified Licensed HVAC
Contractor & (Pull Off & Proceed with Other Parts of Home Inspection)
?Remember we are not Trouble shooters"
If Disconnect or Breaker Turned off there can be a short on unit or wiring or other defect
On unit or you can cause a short when switching on if something wrong with unit
If unit powered ?proper voltage leaving disconnect & power at unit
2. - Check for clean filter, Clean Coil, Clean Squirrel cage ?Blower?
If Filter Dirty remove before start up.
(Make Sure You Replace All Blower Compartment Covers before starting unit)
** (Report Dirty Filter, Dirty Evaporator, Dirty Squirrel Cage blower. Report as Defective need attention)
Check Disconnect sw or breaker to be located next to unit
Fuses Size or Breaker should be as per name plate Recommended
Disconnect Checks: Look for overheated & Discolored Fuses, Fuse Holders,
And Disconnects Blades & or Wiring & connections
** (Report as Defective & need attention)
Switch off Power to Unit & Check control panel on unit. (Caution Hot wiring if disconnect on)
Look for frayed or burned wiring, Charred contactors contacts & relays
If Excessive defect on controls
** (Report any Defects)
If Any Disconnected wires with wire ends exposed
STOP & Report do not turn on unit Disconnect Tag as Unsafe to Run!
Check for Manual Water Valves at unit (Note POSITION if not fully open) Do not Move
Check for no blockage on Supply & Return air Grilles & all Dampers on grilles open
If some Dampers on Grilles are closed (Take Note ?Do Not Move ? )
Some Dampers on Grilles Close to unit are likely to be closed or partly closed
** If Excessive noise off grilles Report as Need Attention
NOTE Most Dampers on grilles should normally be open
Specially ones further away from AC Unit
Proceed to start up unit on Heating
If outdoor temperature is below 75 degs
If higher than 75 degs Unit might trip
Be Reluctant to test unit on heating at this higher outdoor temps
Maybe reschedule testing heating
Some Units will reset after you turning Stat on & off after 15 minutes it tripped
Other units you will need locate Manual Reset Switch &
Reset after 15 Min it went off
(Caution Turn power off to unit before sticking hands in panel or unit cabinet)
After reset of safety switch
(Some times a red Button other times a small metal button)
Reset Disconnect ON
Switch thermostat on heating set at least 10 deg higher than ambient
Verify condensing water circulator pump came on & water Flowing
Once pump on if any continuous gurgling or noise in water piping
Locate any auto & manual vents in unit & loosen caps for air to escape
If Visible & accessible check & open manual vents till all air escapes
Loosen auto water vents caps to let air out.
The cap is normally the type found on tire inflating stem
Check for No Noise in Water Flow Gurgling or noise or air pockets
If Water pockets or gurgling in water flow (Unit Might Trip)
** Verify if Fill valve for water loop open & no water leaks in
Water Fittings valves & other
Before leaving verify if no water being supplied by fill valve
** If water being supplied after a while turn off valve
& Report NEED ATTENTION
** If You Found Fill valve closed before unit start up
** Report Unit need Attention by Licensed HVAC Contractor
Always write in report Findings (cover you?re Tracks)
Once circulator pump on compressor should come on some units have
Time Delay & will start after 3 to 5 Minutes after circulator pump goes on
Run compressor unit for 15 to 20 Minutes
Check Supply Air Temp in supply air duct at about 3 ft from coil unit
& Return Air Temp should have a 20 to 30 deg TD
(Normal TD on Heat 20deg Min 30 deg Max)
SAT = 90 deg ? 60 RAT = 30 deg TD if much higher Blockage on air supply or return or dirty Coil
SAT = 90 deg ? 70 RAT = 20 deg TD if much lower Possible low charge
SAT = Supply air Temperature
RAT= Return air temperature
** If Higher than 32 deg TD Report Need Attention by Licensed HVAC contractor
** If Lower than 20 deg TD Report Need Attention by Licensed HVAC contractor
Cooling Operation Check out
Wait at least 5 minutes before switching from heat to cool
If out door Temps above 65 Deg
If Lower than 65 deg (Unit Might Trip)
Reschedule Unit Cooling test run
At Stat SW on Fan To ON & leave fan blower running while
Waiting the 5 minutes for unit cool off.
Heat from coil need be dissipated to avoid unit overload & Trip
Switch on Stat set 10 deg lower than ambient temp
After running unit for 15 to 20 minutes in cooling
You want to have a 16 to 20 Deg TD between Supply & Return Air Temps
RAT 80 deg - SAT 60deg = 20 deg TD
RAT =Return air Temp
SAT = Supply air temperature
** If Higher than 20 degs TD Report Need Attention by Licensed HVAC Contractor
** If Lower than 16 degs TD Report Need Attention by Licensed HVAC Contractor