Originally Posted By: mjones1
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- A chemical used to speed up curing of concrete during damp conditions.
Canopy - An overhanging roof.
Cant Strip - A beveled support used at the junction of a flat surface and a vertical surface to prevent bends and/or cracking of the roofing membrane at the intersection of the roof deck and wall. Used with a base flashing to minimize breaking of the roofing felts.
Cap Sheets - In roofing, one to four plies of felt bonded and top coated with bitumen that is laid over an existing roof as a treatment for defective roofs.
Cape Chisel - Tool used to clean out mortar joints on brick.
Casement Frames and Sash - Frames of wood or metal enclosing part or all of the sash, which may be opened by means of hinges affixed to the vertical edges.
Casing - Molding of various widths and thicknesses used to trim door and window openings at the jambs.
Cellulose Insulation - Ground up newspaper that is treated with a fire retardant.
Cement Mixtures - Rich - 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 3 parts coarse aggregate. Used for concrete roads and waterproof structures. Standard - 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts coarse aggregate. Used for reinforced work floors, roofs, columns, arches, tanks, sewers, conduits, etc. Medium - 1 part cement, 2 1/2 parts sand, 5 parts coarse aggregate. Used for foundations, walls, abutments, piers, etc. Lean - 1 part cement, 3 parts sand, 6 parts coarse aggregate. Used for all mass concrete work, large foundations, backing for stone masonry, etc. Mixtures are always listed Cement to Sand to Aggregate
Cement Types - Type I Normal - is a general purpose cement suitable for practically all uses in residential construction but should not be used where it will be in contact with high sulfate soils or be subject to excessive temperatures during curing. Type II Moderate is used where precaution against moderate sulfate attack is important, as in drainage structures where sulfate concentrations in groundwater's are higher than normal. Type III High Early Strength is used when high strengths are desired at very early periods, usually a week or less. It is used when it is desirable to remove forms as soon as possible or to put the concrete into service quickly. Type IV Low Heat is a special cement for use where the amount and rate of heat generated during curing must be kept to a minimum. The development of strength is slow and is intended in large masses of concrete such as dams. Type V Sulfate Resisting is a special cement intended for use only in construction exposed to severe sulfate action, such as western states having soils of high alkali content.
Certificate of Occupancy - A document stating that a building is approved for occupancy. The building authority issues the Certificate of Occupancy.
CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) - The measure of volume of air. When testing systems, find the CFM by multiplying the face velocity times the free area in square feet. The face velocity is the amount of air passing through the face of an outlet or return. Free area is the total area of the openings in the outlet or inlet through which air can pass.
Chair Rail - A molding that runs horizontally along the wall at about 3 feet from the ground. In storefront, window wall, or curtain wall systems, a chair rail is an aluminum extrusion applied horizontally to the inside of the system 3 feet from the floor to create a barrier in floor-to-ceiling glazing applications.
Channel Glazing - The installation of glass products into U-shaped glazing channels. The channels may have fixed stops; however, at least one glazing stop on one edge must be removable.
Checking - Fissures that appear with age in many exterior paint coatings, at first superficial, but which in time may penetrate entirely through the coating. It produces a pattern of surface cracks running in irregular lines. When found in the top pour of an asphalt built-up roof, checking is the preliminary stage of alligatoring.
Checkrails - Meeting rails sufficiently thicker than a window to fill the opening between the top and bottom sash made by the parting stop in the frame of double-hung windows. They are usually beveled.
Chemical Injection Grouting ? Leak repair technique usually used below grade in cracks and joints in concrete walls and floors that involves injection of sealant (usually urethane) that reacts with water to form a seal.
Cleat - A wedge-shaped piece (usually of metal) which serves as a support or check. A strip fastened across something to give strength or hold something in position.
Coal Tar Pitch - A bituminous material, which is a by-product from the coking of coal. It is used as the waterproofing material for tar and gravel built-up roofing.
Cohesive Failure - Internal splitting of a compound resulting from over-stressing of the compound.
Cold Applied - Products that can be applied without heating. These are in contrast to products which need to be heated to be applied.
Cold Patch - In roofing, a roof repair done with cold-applied material.
Collar - In roofing, a conical metal cap flashing used in conjunction with vent pipes or stacks usually located several inches above the plane of the roof, for the purpose of shedding water away from the base of the vent.
Collar Beam - In carpentry, a tie that keeps the roof from spreading. They serve to stiffen the roof structure. Connects similar rafters on opposite sides of roof.
Column - In architecture: A perpendicular supporting member, circular or rectangular in section, usually consisting of a base, shaft, and capital. In engineering: A vertical structural compression member which supports loads acting in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
Combination Doors or Windows - Combination doors or windows used over regular openings. They provide winter insulation and summer protection and often have self storing or removable glass and screen inserts. This eliminates the need for handling a different unit each season.
Compatible - Two or more substances, which can be mixed or blended without separating, reacting, or affecting either material adversely.
Component - Any one part of an assembly associated with construction.
Composite Board - An insulation board, which has two different insulation types laminated together in 2 or 3 layers.
Compression Gasket - A gasket designed to function under compression.
Compression Set - The permanent deformation of a material after removal of the compressive stress.
Concrete Plain - Concrete either without reinforcement, or reinforced only for shrinkage or temperature changes.
Condensation - The appearance of moisture (water vapor) on the surface of an object caused by warm moist air coming into contact with a colder object. In a building: Beads or drops of water (and frequently frost in extremely cold weather) that accumulate on the inside of the exterior covering of a building when warm, moisture-laden air from the interior reaches a point where the temperature no longer permits the air to sustain the moisture it holds. Use of louvers or attic ventilators will reduce moisture condensation in attics. A vapor barrier under the gypsum lath or dry wall on exposed walls will reduce condensation in them.
Conductor - (1) In roofing, a pipe for conveying rainwater from the roof gutter to a drain, or from a roof drain to the storm drain; also called a leader, downspout, or downpipe. (2) In electrical contracting, a wire through which a current of electricity flows, better known as an electric wire.
Conduction - The flow of heat from one part of a substance to another part. A piece of iron with one end placed in a fire will soon become warm from end to end, from the transfer of heat by the actual collision of the air molecules.
Conduit - A pipe, usually metal, for protecting and routing electrical wiring.
Construction, frame - A type of construction in which the structural parts are wood or depend upon a wood frame for support. In codes, if masonry veneer is applied to the exterior walls, the classification of this type of construction is usually unchanged.
Construction loan- A loan provided by a lending institution specifically to construct or renovate a building.
Control Joint - A control joint controls or accommodates movement in the surface component of a roof.
Convection - A method of transferring heat by the actual movement of heated molecules, usually by a freestanding unit such as a furnace.
Cooling Tower - A large device mounted on roofs, consisting of many baffles over which water is pumped in order to reduce its temperature.
Coping - A construction unit placed at the top of the parapet wall to serve as a cover for the wall.
Copper Pipe Types - Type K has the heaviest or thickest wall and is generally used underground. It has a green stripe. Type L has a medium wall thickness and is most commonly used for water service and for general interior water piping. It has a blue stripe. Type M has a thin wall and many codes permit its use in general water piping installation. It has a red stripe.
Corbel Out - To build out one or more courses of brick or stone from the face of a wall, to form a support for timbers.
Core - A small section cut from any material to show internal composition.
Corner Bead - A strip of formed sheet metal, sometimes combined with a strip of metal lath, placed on corners before plastering to reinforce them. Also, a strip of wood finish three-quarters-round or angular placed over a plastered corner for protection.
Corner Boards - Used as trim for the external corners of a house or other frame structure against which the ends of the siding are finished.
Corner Braces - Diagonal braces at the corners of frame structure to stiffen and strengthen the wall.
Cornerite - Metal-mesh lath cut into strips and bent to a right angle. Used in interior corners of walls and ceilings on lath to prevent cracks in plastering.
Cornice - A horizontal projecting course on the exterior of a building, usually at the base of the parapet. In residential construction, the 0verhang of a pitched roof at the cave line, usually consisting of a facie board, a soffit for a closed cornice, and appropriate moldings.
Cornice Return - That portion of the cornice that returns on the gable end of a house.
Corrosion - The deterioration of metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction resulting from exposure to weathering, moisture, chemicals or other agents or media.
Corrugated - Folded or shaped into parallel ridges or furrows so as to form a symmetrically wavy surface.
Cost Breakdown - A breakdowns of all the anticipated costs on a construction or renovation project.
Counter Flashing - The formed metal secured to a wall, curb, or roof top unit to cover and protect the upper edge of a base flashing and its associated fasteners. This type of flashing is usually used in residential construction on chimneys at the roofline to cover shingle flashing and to prevent moisture entry.
Coupling - In plumbing, a short collar with only inside threads at each end, for receiving the ends of two pipes which are to be fitted and joined together. A right/left coupling is one used to join 2 gas pipes in limited space.
Cove Molding - A molding with a concave face used as trim or to finish interior corners.
Covenants - Rules usually developed by a builder or developer regarding the physical appearance of buildings in a particular geographic area. Typical covenants address building height, appropriate fencing and landscaping, and the type of exterior material (stucco, brick, stone, siding, etc) that may be used.
Crawl Space - A shallow open area between the floor of a building and the ground, normally enclosed by the foundation wall.
Crazing - A series of hairline cracks in the surface of weathered materials, having a web-like appearance. Also, hairline cracks in pre-finished metals caused by bending or forming. (see brake metal)
Cricket - A small drainage-diverting roof structure of single or double slope placed at the junction of larger surfaces that meet at an angle, such as above a chimney.
Cross-Bridging - Diagonal bracing between adjacent floor joists, placed near the center of the joist span to prevent joists from twisting.
Crown Molding - A molding used on cornice or wherever an interior angle is to be covered.
Cupola - A small monitor or dome at the peak of a pitched roof.
Curb - A short wall or masonry built above the level of the roof that provides a means of flashing the deck equipment.
Curing - In concrete application, the process in which mortar and concrete harden. The length of time is dependent upon the type of cement, mix proportion, required strength, size and shape of the concrete section, weather and future exposure conditions. The period may be 3 weeks or longer for lean concrete mixtures used in structures such as dams or it may be only a few days for richer mixes. Favorable curing temperatures range from 50 to 70 degrees F. Design strength is achieved in 28 days.
Curing Agent - One part of a multi-part sealant which, when added to the base, will cause the base to change its physical state by chemical reaction between the two parts.
Curtain Wall - A thin wall, supported by the structural steel or concrete frame of the building independent of the wall below. Also a metal (most often aluminum) framing system on the face of a building containing vision glass panels and spandrel panels made of glass, aluminum, or other material.
Cutback - In roofing, basic asphalt or tar which has been "cut back" with solvents and oils so that the material become fluid.
Cut-in Brace - Nominal 2-inch-thick members, usually 2 by 4?s, cut in between each stud diagonally.
Cut Off - A piece of roofing membrane consisting of one or more narrow plies of felt usually moped in hot to seal the edge of insulation at the end of a day's work.
Closet Auger-A flexible rod with a curved end used to access the toilet's built-in trap and remove clogs.
Closet Bend-A curved fitting that connects the closet flange to the toilet drain.
Closet Flange-An anchoring ring secured to the floor. The base of the toilet is secured to this ring with bolts.
Coupling-A fitting that joins two pieces of pipe.
CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
Rigid plastic pipe used in water supply systems, where code permits.
Cantilever - Any part of a structure that projects beyond its main support and is balanced on it.
Cap flashing - The portion of the flashing attached to a vertical surface to prevent water from migrating behind the base flashing.
Casement Window - A window with hinges on one of the vertical sides and swings open like a normal door.
Cast-Iron Pipe (Plumbing) - Drain and vent lines. Most older Drain-Waste-Venting systems are made of cast-iron pipes-now increasingly supplanted by ABS and PVC. Pipes were originally joined with molten lead, but most plumbers now join them with no-hub couplers.
Cat's Paw - A variation of a pry bar used to pry up deep set (counter sunk) nails.
Catch Basin - A drain for a low or wet spot, with pipe exiting the side and a pit at the bottom to collect sediment.
Cells - (Masonry)The hollow spaces in concrete blocks.
Chalk line - A line made on the roof by snapping a taut string or cord dusted with chalk. Used for alignment purposes.
Circuit - A network of wiring that typically commence at a panel box, feeds electricity to outlets and ultimately returns to the panel box.
Class "A" fire resistance - The highest fire-resistance rating for roofing per ASTM E-108. Indicates that roofing is able to withstand severe exposure to fire originating from sources outside the building.
Class "B" fire resistance - Fire-resistance rating that indicates roofing material is able to withstand moderate exposure to fire originating from sources outside the building.
Class "C" fire resistance - Fire-resistance rating that indicates roofing material is able to withstand light exposure to fire originating from sources outside the building.
Cleanout (Plumbing) - A drain fitting, usually a wye or a tee, with a removable plug to permit inspection and access for an auger or snake.
Cleat - A small piece of lumber attached to another piece of lumber to strengthen or support it.
Closed cut valley - A method of valley treatment in which shingles from one side of the valley extend across the valley, while shingles from the other side are trimmed 2 inches from the valley centerline. The valley flashing is not exposed.
Closet bend - A curved drain pipe that is located beneath the base of the toilet and attached to a closet flange. A slotted closet flange, or floor flange, holds the bend to the subfloor.
Closet Bolts - Bolts whose head is fitted to a closet flange and that protrudes up through a toilet base. A nut is tightened around it on the toilet base. Two (or four) bolts serve one toilet.
Closet flange - A floor flange that's held to the floor with screws or anchors where a toilet mounts directly above it attached with closet bolts and the closet bend attaches below it.
Coal tar - A viscous liquid mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, derived, along with coke, from the destructive distillation of coal.
Code - Rules set forth by various government and private sector bodies to determine minimum trade practices.
Cold Process Adhesive - Mastic prepared with SBS modifiers to adhere laps, flashing and joints of built-up or low-slope roofing without hot-mopping or torching equipment.
Cold-Method and Lap Cement - Special multipurpose adhesive for low-sloped, cold-applied roof construction. Bonds 19" selvedge, mineral surface and cap sheets to the underlayment. Doubles as an adhesive on 2" selvedge lap of mineral-, granule- or smooth-surfaced roofing. Available in both summer and winter grades.
Collar tie - A horizontal board attached perpendicular to rafters.
Common Rafter - Rafter that extends from the top plate to the ridge. Generally set 12, 16, or 24 inches apart.
Compression Fitting - Used to join or connect pipes and conduit by causing a ring to compress against the connecting tube when tightening with a wrench.
Concealed nail method - Application of roll roofing in which all nails are driven into the underlying course of roofing and covered by a cemented, overlapping course. Nails are not exposed to the weather.
Concrete Grout - A mixture of 3/8-inch pea gravel, sand, cement and water that you pour into the cells of concrete-block walls to reinforce them.
Construction Adhesive - Thick-bodied adhesive, suited to a wide range of repair and construction tasks. Packaged in convenient cartridges for caulking guns.
Continuity Tester - An electrical tool used to identify and diagnose a circuit as either open or closed.
Coping joint - The intersection of a roof slope and an exterior vertical wall.
Course - A row of shingles or roll roofing running the length of the roof.
Convection - Air naturally circulated by differences in temperature. Colder, denser air falls and displaces the lighter, warm air.
Coverage - Amount of weather protection provided by the roofing material. Depends on number of layers of material between the exposed surface of the roofing and the deck; i.e. single coverage, double coverage, etc.
Cripple Stud - Short stud used as support in wall openings that replaces a normal 93 inch or 96 inch stud.
Cripple Walls - In a wood-frame house, the section of wall under the house between the concrete foundation and the floor joists. Also called crawl space walls.
Curb (roofing) -The short elevation of an exterior wall above the deck of a commercial flat roof.
Curb roof - A roof with an upper and lower set of rafters on each side, the under set being less inclined to the horizon than the upper; a mansard roof.
Concrete Block - A hollow concrete 'brick' often 8" x 8" x 16" in size. Often used in low rise commercial and some residential construction. The original design and use is attributed to the architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
Concrete Board or Wonderboard (TM) - A panel made out of concrete and fiberglass usually used as a tile backing material.
Contractor - A company licensed to perform certain types of construction activities. In most states, the generals contractor's license and some specialty contractor's licenses don't require of compliance with bonding, workmen's compensation and similar regulations. Some of the specialty contractor licenses involve extensive training, testing and/or insurance requirements. There are various types of contractors:
? General contractor - responsible for the execution, supervision and overall coordination of a project and may also perform some of the individual construction tasks. Most general contractors are not licensed to perform all specialty trades and must hire specialty contractors for such tasks, e.g. electrical, plumbing.
? Remodeling contractor - a general contractor who specializes in remodeling work.
? Specialty contractor - licensed to perform a specialty task e.g. electrical, side sewer, asbestos abatement.
? Sub contractor - a general or specialty contractor who works for another general contractor.
Construction Contract - A legal document which specifies the what-when-where-how-how much and by whom in a construction project. A good construction contract will include:
1. The contractors registration number.
2. A statement of work quality such as 'Standard Practices of the Trades' or 'according to Manufacturers Specifications'.
3. A set of Blue Prints or Plans
4. A set of Specifications
5. Any Allowances.
6. A construction timetable including starting and completion dates.
7. A Fixed Price for the work , or a Time and Materials formula.
8. A Payment Schedule.
9. A written Warrantee
10. A clause which outlines how any disputes will be resolved.
Cost Plus Contract - Same as Time and Materials Contract.
Crosscutting - Cutting across the wood grain; to crosscut a board is to cut across its width.
Curing (Paint) - The process of paint bonding to a surface. Curing and drying are not the same.
Curtain Drain - a ditch sometimes filled with gravel and a drain tile which diverts storm and drain water away from a structure.
Cast iron - Heavy metal formed by casting on molds. The metal is covered with a porcelain enamel coating to make fixtures such as the cast iron tubs found here at Shop 4 Classics. for cast iron bathtubs.
Centerset - A style of faucet that is installed on a lavatory with 4" center-to-center faucet holes and that has the spout and handle(s) combined into a single part. for centerset faucets.
Ceramic disk valve - A type of valve that relies on two-part revolving disks in a sealed cylinder. Each disk has a port in it that, when aligned with the other, will allow water to pass through.
Compression fitting - A pipe connection that seals without soldering. As a nut is tighten on one fitting, it compresses a washer or gasket around the second pipe, forming a watertight closure.
Compression valve - A type of valve that works by raising or lowering a stem. Water passes through the valve by turning the faucet handle, which causes the stem to drop or rise.
Console lavatory - A table-like lavatory in which the basin is attached to a wall at the back and by table or piano legs at the front.
Coupling - Straight, sleeve-like fitting with female connections at both ends.
CO- An abbreviation for "Certificate of Occupancy". This certificate is issued by the local municipality and is required before anyone can occupy and live within the home. It is issued only after the local municipality has made all inspections and all monies and fees have been paid.
Caisson- A 10" or 12" diameter hole drilled into the earth and embedded into bedrock 3 - 4 feet. The structural support for a type of foundation wall, porch, patio, monopost, or other structure. Two or more "sticks" of reinforcing bars (rebar) are inserted into and run the full length of the hole and concrete is poured into the caisson hole.
Cantilever- An overhang. Where one floor extends beyond and over a foundation wall. For example at a fireplace location or bay window cantilever. Normally, not extending over 2 feet.
Cantilevered void- Foundation void material used in unusually expansive soils conditions. This void is "trapezoid" shaped and has vertical sides of 6" and 4" respectively.
Cap- The upper member of a column, pilaster, door cornice, molding, or fireplace.
Cap flashing- The portion of the flashing attached to a vertical surface to prevent water from migrating behind the base flashing.
Capital and interest- A repayment loan and the most conventional form of home loan. The borrower pays an amount each month to cover the amount borrowed (or capital or principal) plus the interest charged on capital.
Capped rate- The mortgage interest rate will not exceed a specified value during a certain period of time, but it will fluctuate up and down below that level.
Casement Window- A window with hinges on one of the vertical sides and swings open like a normal door.
Caulking- (1) A flexible material used to seal a gap between two surfaces e.g. between pieces of siding or the corners in tub walls. (2) To fill a joint with mastic or asphalt plastic cement to prevent leaks.
CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate)- A pesticide that is forced into wood under high pressure to protect it from termites, other wood boring insects, and decay caused by fungus.
Celotex ?- Black fibrous board that is used as exterior sheething.
Ceiling joist- One of a series of parallel framing members used to support ceiling loads and supported in turn by larger beams, girders or bearing walls. Also called roof joists.
Cement- The gray powder that is the "glue" in concrete. Portland cement. Also, any adhesive.
Ceramic tile- A man-made or machine-made clay tile used to finish a floor or wall. Generally used in bathtub and shower enclosures and on counter tops.
CFM (cubic feet per minute)- A rating that expresses the amount of air a blower or fan can move. The volume of air (measured in cubic feet) that can pass through an opening in one minute.
Change order- A written document which modifies the plans and specifications and/or the price of the construction Contract.
Chase- A framed enclosed space around a flue pipe or a channel in a wall, or through a ceiling for something to lie in or pass through.
Chink- To install fiberglass insulation around all exterior door and window frames, wall corners, and small gaps in the exterior wall.
Chip Board- A manufactured wood panel made out of 1"- 2" wood chips and glue. Often used as a substitute for plywood in the exterior wall and roof sheathing. Also called OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or wafer board.
Circuit- The path of electrical flow from a power source through an outlet and back to ground.
Circuit Breaker- A device which looks like a switch and is usually located inside the electrical breaker panel or circuit breaker box. It is designed to (1) shut of the power to portions or all of the house and (2) to limit the amount of power flowing through a circuit (measured in amperes). 110 volt household circuits require a fuse or circuit breaker with a rating of 15 or a maximum of 20 amps. 220 volt circuits may be designed for higher amperage loads e.g. a hot water heater may be designed for a 30 amp load and would therefore need a 30 amp fuse or breaker.
Clip ties- Sharp, cut metal wires that protrude out of a concrete foundation wall (that at one time held the foundation form panels in place).
Cold air return- The ductwork (and related grills) that carries room air back to the furnace for re-heating.
Combustion air- The duct work installed to bring fresh, outside air to the furnace and/or hot water heater. Normally 2 separate supplies of air are brought in: One high and One low.
Combustion chamber- The part of a boiler, furnace or woodstove where the burn occurs; normally lined with firebrick or molded or sprayed insulation.
Compression web- A member of a truss system which connects the bottom and top chords and which provides downward support.
Compressor- A mechanical device that pressurizes a gas in order to turn it into a liquid, thereby allowing heat to be removed or added. A compressor is the main component of conventional heat pumps and air conditioners. In an air conditioning system, the compressor normally sits outside and has a large fan (to remove heat).
Concrete- The mixture of Portland cement, sand, gravel, and water. Used to make garage and basement floors, sidewalks, patios, foundation walls, etc. It is commonly reinforced with steel rods (rebar) or wire screening (mesh).
Concrete block - A hollow concrete 'brick' often 8" x 8" x 16" in size.
Concrete board - A panel made out of concrete and fiberglass usually used as a tile backing material.
Condensate line- The copper pipe that runs from the outside air conditioning condenser to the inside furnace ( where the a/c coil is located).
Condensing unit - The outdoor component of a cooling system. It includes a compressor and condensing coil designed to give off heat.
Conditions, Convenants, and Restrictions (CC and Rs) - The standards that define how a property may be used and the protections the developer makes for the benefit of all owners in a subdivision.
Conductivity- The rate at which heat is transmitted through a material.
Construction drywall- A type of construction in which the interior wall finish is applied in a dry condition, generally in the form of sheet materials or wood paneling as contrasted to plaster.
Construction, frame- A type of construction in which the structural components are wood or depend upon a wood frame for support.
Continuity tester- A device that tells whether a circuit is capable of carrying electricity.
Control joint- Tooled, straight grooves made on concrete floors to "control" where the concrete should crack.
Convertibility- The ability to change a loan from an adjustable rate schedule to a fixed rate schedule.
Cooling load- The amount of cooling required to keep a building at a specified temperature during the summer, usually 78? F, regardless of outside temperature.
Coped- Removing the top and bottom flange of the end(s) of a metal I-beam. This is done to permit it to fit within, and bolted to, the web of another I-beam in a "T" arrangement.
Coped joint- Cutting and fitting woodwork to an irregular surface.
Corbel- The triangular, decorative and supporting member that holds a mantel or horizontal shelf.
Counterfort- A foundation wall section that strengthens (and generally perpendicular to) a long section of foundation wall.
Course- A row of shingles or roll roofing running the length of the roof. Parallel layers of building materials such as bricks, or siding laid up horizontally.
Credit rating- A report ordered by a lender from a credit agency to determine a borrower's credit habits.
Cripple- Short vertical "2 by 4's or 6's" frame lumber installed above a window or door.
Cross Tee- Short metal "T" beam used in suspended ceiling systems to bridge the spaces between the main beams.
Culvert- Round, corrugated drain pipe (normally 15" or 18" in diameter) that is installed beneath a driveway and parallel to and near the street.
Cupping- A type of warping that causes boards to curl up at their edges.
Mike
