I thought the vent stack went with the second picture and the two wider roof projections on the higher roof were the possible light tubes. Hard to tell.
I agree with Dave on the light tube, they aren’t meant to be bright, but will allow enough light to see with the lights off, even at night if the moon is shining.
The second item looks like a HE gas furnace vent or a WH power vent termination.
I’ve never seen a bathroom vent terminated through PVC like that, although it’s a possibility. If it is a NG appliance vent, it appears to have inadequate clearance from the roof surface, clearance would be needed in the event of deep snow, the appliance will sense that the vent is blocked and will not turn on. I tried to click on your website but got an error message, so I’m not sure what climate zone you’re in.
Not that one Larry, my WAG on that is a NG furnace or WH vent.
The cropped pic below is what the top of a light tube looks like (the first item the OP listed above), it has a round transparent dome to capture then magnify light.
I’m not sure how the photos uploaded. The pipe that looks like it’s for a high-efficiency furnace was the same pipe that you guys are saying is a light tube. Where the pipe is installed is in the corner of the house in a room with a mini split unit. we are in zone8
My Bad, I didn’t mean to imply that the PVC pipe was for a light tube. The top of the light tube will look like a dome, as seen in the distance in your picture of the roof.
IMO the first picture in the OP is a light tube, that’s why there is light shining through it, that, and I see what appears to be light domes on the roof.
My WAG is the picture of the PVC pipe is a furnace or WH vent, or as Dave F mentioned, it’s for combustion air, or maybe it’s a plumbing vent.